Aurelia limbata
| Aurelia limbata | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Scyphozoa |
| Order: | Semaeostomeae |
| Family: | Ulmaridae |
| Genus: | Aurelia |
| Species: | A. limbata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Aurelia limbata Brandt, 1835
| |
Aurelia limbata, the brown-banded moon jelly, is a type of moon jelly that occurs in various places throughout the Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]Aurelia limbata is in the genus Aurelia, which is commonly called moon jellies. Aurelia is the most common and widely distributed species of jellyfish.[1] A. aurita is the closest relative to A. limbata, because they have a similar gene orientation[2] and the same life cycle.[3]
Description
[edit]Brown moon jellies have eight rhopalia (sensory structures) and numerous thin and long tentacles.[4] Their bell, or body, is 25–30 centimetres (9.8–11.8 in) in diameter.[3][5] A. limbata has a cup-like calyx.[6] Most of the female A. limbata observed had golden yellow planulae that were located in brood pouches on their oral arms.[3]
Similar species
[edit]A. limbata was previously identified as Aurelia aurita, but it was eventually considered its own species.[7] They can be differentiated from A. aurita by the fact that A. limbata are larger, have a 16-scalloped umbrella, and are of chocolate brown color.[4] Additionally, A. limbata, a polar species, has mostly been found in Asian Pacific waters and close to Alaska, whereas A. aurita is common in nearshore waters.[7]
A. limbata may be a color morph of its cousin Aurelia labiata.[8]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]A. limbata can be found near Korea, Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Alaska, and the Bering Sea. This species of moon jelly prefers cold waters[3] and is an epipelagic species,[3] preferring polar seas below 70°N.[7] Usually, species of the genus Aurelia are not found in deeper waters, but the brown-banded jelly prefers deeper waters and are highly active in them.[3] Aurelia typically performs vertical migrations at dusk.[9]
A. limbata medusae (motile, reproductive stage of development) have been observed in the benthopelagic layer, where they can be collected with a bottom trawl net and where they tend to aggregate from spring to fall.[3]
Behaviour
[edit]A. limbata swims against the current with an obliquely upward direction of its aboral surface; individuals swim vigorously with strong bell contractions.[5] A. limbata have temperature-dependent metabolisms.[10] A. limbata can be manipulated and ingested by ophiuroids (big group of echinoderms).[5]
Diet
[edit]Brown-banded moon jellies predate upon Larval decapods.[4]
Reproduction
[edit]Not much is known about their reproductive behaviour due to their occurrence at such deep depths, but they are known to reproduce asexually.[11] Strobilation can be induced by a period of low temperatures, and they strobilate throughout the year in low temperatures.[3]
Further reading
[edit]- Miyake, H., Lindsay, D. J., Hunt, J. C., & Hamatsu, T. (2002). "Scyphomedusa Aurelia limbata (Brandt, 1838) found in deep waters off Kushiro, Hokkaido, Northern Japan". Plankton Biology and Ecology, 49(1), 44-46
- Miyake, H., Lindsay, D., Kitamura, M, & Nishida, S. (2005). "Occurrence of the Scyphomedusa Parumbrosa polylobata Kishinouye, 1910 in Suruga Bay, Japan". Plankton Biology and Ecology, 52(1), 58–66
References
[edit]- ^ Albert, David J. (January 2011). "What's on the mind of a jellyfish? A review of behavioural observations on Aurelia sp. jellyfish". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 35 (3): 474–482. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.06.001. PMID 20540961. S2CID 11540628.
- ^ Karagozlu, Mustafa Zafer; Seo, Yoseph; Ki, Jang-Seu; Kim, Chang-Bae (2019-01-02). "The complete mitogenome of brownbranded moon jellyfish Aurelia limbata (Cnidaria, Semaeostomeae, Ulmaridae) with phylogenetic analysis". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 4 (1): 1875–1876. doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1614494. ISSN 2380-2359.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Shibata, Haruka; Miyake, Hiroshi; Goto, Tomoaki; Adachi, Aya; Toshino, Sho (2015). "Wild polyps of the blooming jellyfish Aurelia limbata (Brandt, 1838) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) found on deep-sea debris off Sanriku, Japan". Plankton and Benthos Research. 10 (3): 133–140. doi:10.3800/pbr.10.133. ISSN 1880-8247.
- ^ a b c Chang, Soo-Jung; Kim, Jung Nyun; Yoon, Won-Duk; Ki, Jang-Seu (2016-10-31). "First Record of Two Cold-Water Jellyfishes Aurelia limbata and Parumbrosa polylobata (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) in Korean Coastal Waters". Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity. 32 (4): 272–280. doi:10.5635/ASED.2016.32.4.037.
- ^ a b c Toshino, Sho; Miyake, Hiroshi; Ohtsuka, Susumu; Okuizumi, Kazuya; Adachi, Aya; Hamatsu, Yoshimi; Urata, Makoto; Nakaguchi, Kazumitsu; Yamaguchi, Syuhei (2013). "Development and polyp formation of the giant box jellyfish Morbakka virulenta (Kishinouye, 1910) (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan". Plankton and Benthos Research. 8 (1): 1–8. doi:10.3800/pbr.8.1. ISSN 1880-8247.
- ^ Gambill, Maria; Jarms, Gerhard (2014-12-26). "Can Aurelia (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) species be differentiated by comparing their scyphistomae and ephyrae?". European Journal of Taxonomy (107). doi:10.5852/ejt.2014.107. ISSN 2118-9773.
- ^ a b c Dawson, Michael N.; Jacobs, David K. (October 2000). "Molecular Evidence for Cryptic Species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa)". The Biological Bulletin. 200 (1): 92–96. doi:10.2307/1543089. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1543089. PMID 11249217. S2CID 19337718.
- ^ Gershwin, Lisa-ann (August 2001). "Systematics and Biogeography of the Jellyfish Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)". The Biological Bulletin. 201 (1): 104–119. doi:10.2307/1543531. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1543531. PMID 11526069. S2CID 33294412.
- ^ Malej, A.; Turk, V.; Lučić, D.; Benović, A. (May 2007). "Direct and indirect trophic interactions of Aurelia sp. (Scyphozoa) in a stratified marine environment (Mljet Lakes, Adriatic Sea)". Marine Biology. 151 (3): 827–841. Bibcode:2007MarBi.151..827M. doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0503-1. ISSN 0025-3162. S2CID 16964995.
- ^ Schroth, Werner; Jarms, Gerhard; Streit, Bruno; Schierwater, Bernd (2002). "[Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-2-1. PMC 64640. PMID 11801181.
- ^ Gambill, Maria; Peck, Myron A. (October 2014). "Respiration rates of the polyps of four jellyfish species: Potential thermal triggers and limits". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 459: 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.05.005.